Anatomy and Histochemistry - 28 August 2007: Paper I

28 August 2007: Paper I Anatomy and Histochemistry
 
1 Write short notes on the anatomy and histochemistry of the following organs found in skin:
a) Free nerve endings.
b) Pacinian corpuscles .
c) Meissner’s corpuscles.
d) Ruffini’s corpuscles.[25]

2 Draw an annotated diagram of
a) A desmosome-tonofilament complex.
b) A cross section of an anagen hair follicle. [25]

3 Describe the embryogenesis of the following epidermal appendages

a) Hair.
b) Sebaceous glands.
c) Apocrine glands.
d) Eccrine glands.[25]

4 Describe the ultrastructure of the sweat glands of the skin and compare their similarities and differences.

1 Discuss the role of skin receptors in sensory perception in the context of the unique characteristics of each receptor subtype. [25]

2 Write short notes on:

a) the role of skin corneocytes
b) the origin and function of skin ceramides
c) abnormalities of corneocytes and ceramides in skin diseases. [25]

3 Discuss the role of cytokines in skin inflammation. [25]

4 Discuss the production, secretion and regulation of the following hormones
a) Androgens.
b) Glucocorticoids.
c) Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH).
d) Vitamin D3.
e) T3 and T4.

Briefly, outline the effects these hormones have on the skin. [25]

1 Write short notes on

a) Fat necrosis.
b) Granulomatous inflammation.
c) Characteristics of malignant neoplasms. [25]

2 Briefly discuss
a) Complications of diabetes mellitus.
b) Dystrophic calcification.
c) Viruses and neoplasia. [25]

3 Describe briefly
a) The formation of giant cells.
b) Causes of thrombosis.
c) The pathological effects of immune complexes. [25]

4 Write notes on
a) Leucocytoclastic vasculitis.
b) Metaplasia.
c) Deep fungal infections. [25]